01 - Preheat oven to 425°F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, salt, and sugar until well combined.
03 - Stir in raisins or currants until evenly distributed throughout the flour mixture.
04 - Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour in buttermilk and melted butter. Mix gently with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms; do not overmix.
05 - Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface. Gently knead just until it comes together, about 30 seconds. Shape into a round loaf approximately 7 inches across and place on the prepared baking sheet.
06 - Using a sharp knife, cut a deep X across the top of the loaf about ½ inch deep to allow proper expansion during baking.
07 - Bake for 35 to 40 minutes until the loaf is golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.
08 - Transfer bread to a wire rack and let cool for at least 20 minutes before slicing to serve.